Rural entrepreneurship is a new way in development theories for empowerment and capacity building in rural areas to change the current lifestyle to a desirable and humanistic pattern. One of the manifestations of entrepreneurship is pluriactivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze and ponder over the farmers' pluriactivity. Pluriactivity is defined as a combination of agricultural and non-agricultural activities that are run by the farmer's household. In other words, pluriactivity refers to the fact that one person (farmer) or group of people (farmers) are involved in different activities (agricultural and non-agricultural). These types of farmers are called pluriactive farmers. In general, the types of businesses alongside agriculture are classified into three categories: industry, agriculture (outside the main activity of the farmer) and services. Pluriactive farmers include-Farmer as Farmer;-Farmer as Entrepreneur;-Farmer as Contractor and-Rural Entrepreneur. Developing smallholder farmers' pluriactivity is crucial to promotion living standards, reducing urban and rural income disparities, controlling the urbanization process, and reducing the cost of social reproduction. Therefore, paying attention to the farmers' pluriactivity is a step forward towards sustainable rural development.

Background: Entrepreneurship has important role in development and expansion of health tourism. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of faculty members on entrepreneurships in health tourism. Methods: This qualitative study was performed using the foundation data approach. Participants were selected via purposive sampling. Nineteen faculty members at Golestan University of Medical Sciences were interviewed in 2020. The individual and semi-structured interviews were conducted and continued until data saturation was achieved. The data was analyzed based on the foundation data approach. Results: Based on the results, 554 primary codes, 56 sub-categories and nine main categories were obtained. The main categories included tourism laws and standards, health tourism beneficiaries, development of entrepreneurial strategies, facilitation of health tourism infrastructure, quality of health tourism services, Iran's tourist attractions, gaining competitive advantage, technology and modern knowledge, and entrepreneurial management. Conclusion: Based on the results, having an entrepreneurial approach in the field of health tourism can turn nursing and medical sciences capacities in the Golestan Province into prosperity.

Throughout the history of banking, internationalization has always been tied to banking. In recent years, Iran's banking system has faced a variety of limitations and challenges, including economic sanctions, the FATF, and Iran's failure to accession the WTO. On the other hand, there is intense competition in the banking sector. In order to maintain their superiority in line with international developments, banks must create value and satisfying the needs of their customers. For this purpose, banks can enter international markets through innovation and entrepreneurship, and thus take a step towards internationalization. This can be achieved through entrepreneurial strategies. The purpose of this article is to explain the impact of entrepreneurial strategy on the internationalization of banks. The method of this research is confirmatory factor analysis. In this regard, the study of theoretical literature and questions from experts has been used as a source of research. Finally, the relationship between the main components was confirmed and it was found that entrepreneurial strategies and removal of international barriers and restrictions, have a positive and significant effect on the internationalization strategies of banks. However, only three strategies: “, accelerating Internationalization”, , “, moderate internationalization”,and “, Established Internationalization”,were identified as effective strategies, and the effect of the two internationalization strategies: “, Imploding Internationalization”,and “, Retreating Internationalization”,on internationalization was not confirmed.

Applying the entrepreneurial strategy ensures the improvement of competitiveness indexes among all other production factors, so that, in this research we intended to draw thee cooperative sector managers intentions to this important issue by the means of studying academic literatures and filed study. In this study, 386 questionnaires gathered among the senior managers of all production co-operatives in Iran which was reliable for analysis. Data were analyzed through structural equation modelling methodology by the use of the Smart Pls. 2 software. The results showed there was a positive relation between the resources and capabilities of cooperatives and their entrepreneurial strategy, and also, there was a positive relationship between entrepreneurial strategy and competitiveness of cooperatives. Finally, the competitive environment had a significant impact on competitiveness and entrepreneurial strategies.

Along with the quick increasing of global changes and transition from traditional to informational society, attention to new strategies to optimal use from opportunities and new values, has created changes in banking system. Now adays interst to entrepreneurial orientation is considered as one of the new strategies in organizations. Therefore, the identification of the position of entrepreneurial orientation in a way that concerning those issues along with the enforcement of innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, the preparation of conditions entrepreneurship process can be prepared by banks. Purposely this paper focuses on the study of entrepreneurial orientation model and introduce to banking industry managers for entrepreneurial orientation development. By using random sampling, 1200 persons have been selected for study and return to 284-questioner analysis using SPSS and Lisrel softwares. The related result indicates that the strategy of entrepreneurial orientation, Organizational and cultural factors, top management support is suitable. In ither hand organizational conflict, inappropriate reward system, economic, political, values circumstance is unsuitable.

Introduction Dealing with entrepreneurial actions through creating a creative atmosphere in the organization has led to the emergence of constructive and new behaviors of employees, presenting new proposals to them, and creating opportunities for innovation. It has led to the development of talents and the creation of opportunities and resources that can be used to advance the work and job to fulfill the responsibilities. As such, it transforms the organization’, s performance by increasing the employees’,productivity. In the meantime, the correct use of the talent management strategy is the most vital parameter for senior managers and one of the most critical strategic issues that significantly impact improving organizational performance by designing integrated strategies and systems to increase human resources productivity. Therefore, attracting, developing, and maintaining people with unique abilities and skills can improve individual and organizational productivity by empowering potential talents in the direction of construction while aligning human capital with the organization. Also, differentiating talents makes a difference in individuals’,current or longterm performance for the realization and excellence of organizational performance. Creating a talent pool of talented personnel helps reach goals. entrepreneurial talent management is a new field of research in human resource management of Tehran Municipality, which by improving the special capabilities and individual skills of employees, improves the quality of services provided in the best possible way and, consequently, improves the performance and productivity of the organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the entrepreneurial talent management strategy to improve employee performance. Materials and Methods This research is descriptive-analytical and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of development purpose. The method of data collection in this research is mixed, and it was done from the beginning of 2019 to the end of 2021 in 22 districts of Tehran municipalities. The method of data collection is library studies, interviews, and questionnaires. First, In the qualitative part, to obtain a qualitative model, a semi-structured in-depth interview with the 5w1h technique was conducted to answer questions such as: how, why, what, where, who, and when. The statistical population of the qualitative part was selected from among the experts and knowl-edgeable critics of the research subject, consisting of experienced managers of Tehran municipality with more than 15 years of work experience who were familiar with the subject of entrepreneurship and talent management. These members were interested in the topic of discussion, had enough time to participate in the research, and had effective communication skills, the related field of study, the related field of service and occupation, and a history of teaching, authoring, etc. related to the topic of the research. Some were considered organizational talents. The method of sampling and determining the size of the Delphi panel was done in a targeted and snowball way, resulting in 45 people for interview. The interviewees were asked to introduce the next person for the interview. The interview was carefully directed to the next person. It continued until the saturation and persuasion of the data were gained. The qualitative analysis was performed through Atlas T8, which experts finalized with the Fuzzy Delphi method through 11 components and 57 indicators. In the quantitative part, to validate the obtained model, a questionnaire of 56 researcher-made propositions with a Likert scale of fifty was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the convergent and divergent validity method, and Cronbach’, s alpha confirmed its reliability. The sample for structural equations was calculated based on Cochran’, s formula of 212 people. Quantitative analysis was performed using Amos 22 software. Findings The findings in the qualitative part include 11 components of perceptive skills, decision-making, social intelligence, change leadership, result orientation (performance management), people management, sustainability and accountability, adherence to ethical principles, complexity, formality, and concentration. Also, 52 indicators corresponding to these components as influential factors were identified in the model and were put in the quantitative part in the form of the questionnaire. To realize the validity of the research tool in the qualitative part, three methods, including two tools for writing questions, modifying the questions by experts, and finally reviewing the questions by conducting two preliminary interviews, were used. Realizing the reliability of this research was also gained by reaching the stage of theoretical saturation. The quantitative section showed that the values of t-statistics for all routes are higher than the standard value of 1. 96 and all identified factors affect the management of entrepreneurial talent to improve employee performance. Conclusion Finally, the conclusions showed that the design and implementation of an entrepreneurial talent management system for staff improvement performance in Tehran Municipality needs serious and continuous support and attention from the organizational and extra-organizational environment. In a municipality without such support, entrepreneurial talent management programs will not succeed in employee improvement performance and will lead to failure. Therefore, since the desired performance is a combination of various individual, organizational and environmental dimensions, according to contextual, content, and structural factors, including top management support, organization strategy, organizational structure, effective communication, organizational systems, and processes, etc., which include dimensions that play a role in the process of improving the performance evaluation of employees and the organization. Also, the results of the conducted studies showed that despite some implemented strategies regarding the improvement of the performance management of Tehran Municipality employees in recent years, which has been able to increase the productivity of human resources in each of the different departments of the organization, Due to the existence of distinctions and contradictions in contingency management and multiple leadership, diverse structures and strategic political, social, economic and cultural conditions of this sign service organization, this group is still far from establishing an efficient, comprehensive and desirable structure for performance evaluation and responding to public needs. It is not possible to meet the demands of our stakeholders in the field of improving performance in a safe and fair environment.

Multi-label classification aims at assigning more than one label to each instance. Many real-world multi-label classification tasks are high dimensional, leading to reduced performance of traditional classifiers. Feature selection is a common approach to tackle this issue by choosing prominent features. Multi-label feature selection is an NP-hard approach, and so far, some swarm intelligence-based strategies and have been proposed to find a near optimal solution within a reasonable time. In this paper, a hybrid intelligence algorithm based on the binary algorithm of particle swarm optimization and a novel local search strategy has been proposed to select a set of prominent features. To this aim, features are divided into two categories based on the extension rate and the relationship between the output and the local search strategy to increase the convergence speed. The first group features have more similarity to class and less similarity to other features, and the second is redundant and less relevant features. Accordingly, a local operator is added to the particle swarm optimization algorithm to reduce redundant features and keep relevant ones among each solution. The aim of this operator leads to enhance the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm compared to other algorithms presented in this field. Evaluation of the proposed solution and the proposed statistical test shows that the proposed approach improves different classification criteria of multi-label classification and outperforms other methods in most cases. Also in cases where achieving higher accuracy is more important than time, it is more appropriate to use this method.

In the science of management and accounting, there is a principle that in the culture of investment, capital is free from risk and tends towards yield and profit. Therefore, according to the importance of investing in companies, in the current research, the moderating effect of risk management on the relationship between market orientation strategies and entrepreneurship of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. The statistical population of this research includes all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, which were analyzed using the systematic elimination sampling method of 127 companies. and were analyzed. To check the hypothesis, multivariate regression models and panel data method (fixed effects) were used using Eviews10 software. The findings of this study about the results of the first hypothesis show that risk management has a positive effect on the relationship between market orientation strategy with unsystematic risk and abnormal returns, but it has a moderating effect on the relationship between market orientation strategy and risk. It is not systematic. The results regarding the second hypothesis also indicate the impact of risk management on the relationship between the strategy of entrepreneurship with systematic risk, systematic risk of failure and abnormal returns, and this impact was positive.